Wash oranges thoroughly. Using a sharp knife, remove top and bottom ends, then slice away peel and white pith in vertical strips to expose the flesh. Hold the orange over a bowl and cut between membranes to release individual segments (supremes) so juices collect in the bowl. Reserve any collected juice for the dressing.

If you prefer smaller pieces, cut each segment in half or thirds. Arrange segments in a shallow serving bowl or on a platter in a single layer so they will be evenly dressed.

Make masala dressing

Combine wet ingredients

In a small bowl, whisk together the reserved orange juice (about 1/2 cup), honey or jaggery syrup (2 tbs), extra virgin olive oil (1 tsp) and fresh lime/lemon juice (1 tbs) until smooth and slightly emulsified.

Add spices

To the wet mixture add ground roasted cumin (1 tsp), chaat masala (1 tsp), red chili powder (1 tsp, or to taste), black salt or regular salt (1/2 tsp) and freshly ground black pepper (1/4 tsp). Whisk well to dissolve honey and distribute the spices evenly. Taste and adjust salt, heat, or sweetness as needed. If mixture is too strong, add up to 1–2 tbs more orange juice.

If using finely chopped green chili and orange zest, stir them into the dressing now for additional flavor. Let the dressing sit for 3–5 minutes so the spices bloom.

Dress and finish

Dress oranges

Spoon the masala dressing evenly over the arranged orange segments. Gently toss or use two spoons to lift and turn segments so each is lightly coated; take care not to break the segments. Allow to sit 2–5 minutes to marry flavors.

Garnish

Scatter torn fresh mint leaves and chopped cilantro over the dressed oranges. Sprinkle toasted sesame seeds or crushed roasted peanuts for texture. If using, add a little extra orange zest on top for brightness.

Finish with a final drizzle of any remaining dressing and a quick crack of black pepper. Serve immediately as a refreshing appetizer, palate cleanser, or chilled side. Leftovers keep in the refrigerator up to 1 day but lose some texture as segments soften.