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Ingredients
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Chocolate base
Eggs & sugar
Whipped cream
Egg whites (meringue)
Finishing
Method
Chocolate base
Melt chocolate
Place the finely chopped 72% chocolate and unsalted butter in a heatproof bowl. Melt gently over a simmering pot of water (bain-marie), stirring occasionally until smooth and glossy. Remove from heat and let cool slightly (about 5 minutes) but not to room temperature — it should remain pourable.
Eggs & sugar
Whisk yolks
In a medium bowl, whisk the 4 egg yolks with 3 tablespoons granulated sugar and 1 teaspoon vanilla extract until the mixture is pale and slightly thickened (about 2–3 minutes by hand or 1 minute with a hand mixer).
Temper yolks into chocolate: pour about one-third of the warm melted chocolate into the yolk mixture in a slow steady stream, whisking constantly to avoid scrambling. Then pour the tempered yolk-chocolate back into the remaining chocolate and mix until fully combined and glossy. Set aside to cool to warm (not hot) while you make the other components.
Egg whites (meringue)
Beat whites
In a clean, dry bowl, add the 4 egg whites and a pinch of salt. Beat until foamy, then gradually add the 2 tablespoons granulated sugar and continue beating to stiff glossy peaks. The meringue should hold firm peaks but remain shiny.
Fold a small spoonful of the meringue into the chocolate-yolk mixture to lighten it (this makes final folding easier). Then gently fold in the remaining meringue in 2 or 3 additions using a rubber spatula: cut through the center, scoop under, and turn the bowl, keeping as much air as possible. Stop once streaks disappear and the mixture is homogenous.
Whipped cream
Whip cream
Chill a mixing bowl and beaters briefly if possible. Pour the 1.5 cups cold heavy cream and 1 tablespoon confectioners' sugar into the bowl and whip to soft peaks (still slightly billowy). Do not over-whip to avoid curdling.
Gently fold the whipped cream into the chocolate-yolk-meringue mixture in 2 additions using the same folding technique: fold carefully until evenly incorporated and the mousse is light and airy. Taste and adjust sweetness if desired by folding in a little more confectioners' sugar (up to 1 teaspoon).
Assembly & chilling
Spoon or pipe the mousse into serving glasses or a single large bowl, filling to desired level. Smooth the tops with an offset spatula or the back of a spoon.
Dust lightly with sifted cocoa powder and/or top with grated chocolate or cocoa nibs if using. Cover and refrigerate for at least 2 hours, preferably 3–4 hours, until set but still airy.
Serve
Serve chilled. For best texture, remove from refrigerator 5–10 minutes before serving. Garnish with additional whipped cream, a sprinkle of cocoa, or a shard of dark chocolate if desired.